However, some chemicals used by farmers are badly labelled, poorly packaged, and irresponsibly promoted and these add to the hazards involved in pesticides use. 421426, 2013. E. D. Okoffo, M. Mensah, and B. Y. Fosu-Mensah, Pesticides exposure and the use of personal protective equipment by cocoa farmers in Ghana, Environmental Systems Research, vol. In Ghana, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the regulatory body that oversees the use of recommended pesticides. Since the era of the Green Revolution, Agricultural production worldwide experienced much efficiency with a remarkable aim to eradicate threats of food insecurity. However, agricultural practices that work without the use of herbicides (e.g., organic farming . This study, based on 12 months of fieldwork during 1988-1989, examines growing agrochemical dependence and misuse in St. Vin-cent and the Grenadines in the East Caribbean. Privacy Policy. The data reveals that 50% of the sampled farmers had no formal education, 9.09% had primary education, 28.57% had middle school or junior high education, and 12.34% had secondary or senior high education. $83.00 1 New from $83.00. 0000000016 00000 n Farm size was shown to be significant at 1%. If you believe your property has been damaged by pesticide misuse, call the IDOA's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427 for a . Therapeutant Fungicide: A chemotherapeutant is a fungicide capable of eliminating a fungus after it has caused infection and treating the plant. However, needful actions such as Government policy on educational campaign/programs must be intensified. and fertilizers. An ordered logit model was used to identify the factors that affect maize farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals . The study revealed that 85% of respondents who cultivated cash crops such as Cocoa and Rubber heavily relied on the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Most are mixtures of two or more chemicals; active ingredients provide the desired effects, and inert ingredients stabilize or preserve the active ingredients or aid in application. One hundred and fifty-four (154) maize farmers were randomly sampled from the municipality. The IDOA cannot help complainants recover damages. The excessive use and the misuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers kill organisms that assist in binding the soil together. In terms of the dependent variable, agrochemical use, the response group is very similar to Italian olive farmers in general; their use of agrochemicals and changes over the last 15 years are very comparable (see Section 4). 1, 2009. Toxicity- It is terms as follows.Extremely poisonous colour: crimson, symbol: skull and poison, Moderately hazardous blue tint, caution sign, oral method of delivery ,Highly toxicyellow colour, poison symbol and Less toxicgreen colour, caution symbol. For example, manually inspecting each plant and the entire farmland for pests, insects, and weeds and then engaging in removal is not practical without specialised expertise and a large expenditure of time and effort. Pesticide accidents or fires can result in water, soil, and air contamination; damage to plants . 0000003825 00000 n For more information, call the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427. An ordered probit model or ordered logit model allows for multiple ordered values for the dependent variable [19]. Privacy Policy where is the expected utility for farmers who are more aware of safety use of agrochemicals and is the expected utility for farmers who are less aware of safety use of agrochemicals. The attainment of formal education is very necessary for the use of agrochemicals. Mattah et al. There are some other agrochemical products besides those listed above: There are several benefits associated with agrochemicals: Your email address will not be published. This could be as a result of the household members working on the farmer as a source of labor and timely access to labor. Contact the department at 217-785-2427 or 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) for more information on licensing requirements. 3, pp. They were then scored 1 for awareness and 0 otherwise. Excessive utilization of these chemicals generate residues that cause nutrients imbalance and reduction of the yielding capacity of crops. The state still has one of the most thorough licensing and enforcement programs, surpassing even federal guidelines. 2, pp. 286292, 2012. The environment may be affected, chemicals may pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Become a Distributor It has a negative relationship with farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Almost all pesticides have the potential to have a significant influence on ecosystems; many are toxic to humans and/or animals, and some concentrate as they rise up the food chain. Request Farmers Meeting endstream endobj 128 0 obj<> endobj 129 0 obj[/ICCBased 139 0 R] endobj 130 0 obj<> endobj 131 0 obj<>stream 0000009429 00000 n Agrochemicals are usually delivered to a store by the supplier or transported by the user. Agrochemicals are chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) used to boost agricultural production.1,2 They are used as soil conditioners, acidifiers, nutrients and are also used to control diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, pests and viruses, enhancing agricultural productivity and safety. Farmers and homeowners must be licensed to apply restricted pesticides. Effect on Water. Theoretically, the probability of farmers in the various levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use is indicated in (4). Bangladeshi poor and untrained farmers apply the agrochemicals massively for getting rapid and huge returns from their shared lands causing incurable risks for the ecosystem and human health. Other variables that were significant in output model include household size, years of education, the number of extension contacts, farm size, marital status, and quantity of pesticides applied. Meanwhile, these sources of water are not free from residues of pesticides as farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes into these water sources after spraying. Finally, when the insured amount is higher or the relative deductible is lower, farmers are more likely to reduce fertiliser and pesticide usage and adopt GAT. Rise in population base, increase in . Career, Herbicides agrochemicals safely.The major risk factors related to agrochemical exposure resulted from the misuse of pesticides, including erroneous beliefs of farmers regarding pesticide toxicity, the use of faulty spraying equipment, the lack of proper maintenance of spraying equipment, or the lack of protective gear and appropriate clothing. Others simply indicate the product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift. . HXDJ0M`|p)%M-Y@Ln3gzsd1eH``c8R9r }j_ Summary statistics of continuous variables. Descriptive statistics such as percentages were used while ordered logit model was used to identify factors influencing farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. The agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural progress by producing high-quality foods. 551561, 2011. The result shows that an increase in the quantity of pesticides by one liter leads to an increase in maize output by 221kg (2.21 bags) holding other factors constant. In Ghana, the agricultural sector is principally dominated by small-scale farmers. Some label directions specify the maximum wind speed for application. 3, 2012. v 8IA2L%b b @HJ@g@ The assertion by Owusu-Boateng and Amuzu [6] that many farmers in Ghana do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides is empirically confirmed by this research. It could also be as a result of resource constraint which hinders the provision of right quantities of agrochemicals and the accompanied protective gears. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. xref Agrochemical is any chemical that is used in agricultural production to improve productivity and control of pest and diseases [4]. Instecticides Definitions and measurements of variables included in the models. Farmers applied an average of 9.7 kg a.i./ha/yr of pesticide products and 375 kg/ha/yr of fertilizer, but those who sold their fruit to the national markets applied more nematicides, herbicides, and fertilizers than those who sold primarily to export markets, suggesting a lack of appropriate application knowledge. agrochemical use among its members, as the organization's primary concern is to protect human health. The margins are interpreted in relation to their signs and categories. Biomed Res Int. Apply the product at the rate specified on the label. agrochemical lixiviates, and all the nutrient leaching from agricultural land is causing the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. A. Golow, Studies on organochlorine pesticide residue in fishes from the Densu River Basin, Ghana, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol. Healthy, environmentally friendly lawn and landscape practices can reduce erosion, stream sedimentation, flooding, and runoff of pollutants into local waterways as well as risk of pesticide exposure to children, adults, pets, and wildlife. world, partly due to illiteracy, lack of information or misinformation about how to use the products. Transportation. Table 3 shows the summary statistics of some of the variables describing the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. The use of agrochemicals in many countries has become highly regulated, and permits provided by the government may be necessary for purchasing and applying approved agricultural products. The study recognizes that education is important for improving farmers awareness regarding health implications of agrochemicals use. The ability to apply the right quantity is dependent on awareness of the health implications and the physiological effect on crop output and the quality of the produce. Home Gale Academic OneFile includes Awareness of Health Implications of Agrochemical Use: E by Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and Gi. Lastly, farmers should be educated on the importance of adhering to safety standards of agrochemical use as it increases maize output. [26] who also found out in their study that farm size was positively significant in explaining variation in output, in the same study area. It is therefore recommended that interventions aimed at increasing farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use should focus on educating farmers through interactive radio discussion and training sessions on the field and incorporate safety use of agrochemical in our educational curriculum. Agrochemical use has been increasing in both developing and the developed nations. 2015, Article ID 547272, 7 pages, 2015. Agrochemical pollution of waterways, as a result of widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, can alter the transmission of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, according to a recent study from the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), partly funded by the NIH Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 154 maize farmers from the four communities and used for the study. Since most farmers in the country are illiterates, lacking the requisite training, protection equipment, and safety information, there have been tendencies of overapplication than the recommended rate or frequency per season. 188230, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2014. This implies that smallholder maize farmers are more aware of agrochemicals use risk than large-scale farmers holding other factors constant. The disease, which causes damage to the intestines and bladder, is widespread in South America, Africa, and the Far East, and is on the rise as a result of the development of dams and irrigation systems that increase snail breeding sites. Both parties will receive written notification if the Department finds a violation and takes enforcement action. Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. Sumerians from 4500 years ago have said to use insecticides in the form of sulfur compounds. It has a positive effect on output and hence meets the a priori expectation. The active ingredients are typically viscous and have a high solid content. Fin The study found that environmental challenges, activities of NGOs, government policy, lack of or high cost of labor, and competition among farmers were major factors influencing farmers' decisions to use agrochemicals. Moreover, our results reveal that compared with small-scale farmers, crop insurance has a stronger effect on large-scale farmers' use of agrochemicals. For instance, bovine somatotropin, though widely used in the United States, is not approved in Canada and some other jurisdictions as there are concerns for the health of cows using it. The major source of environmental contamination by pesticides . The study used both descriptive and quantitative methods in analyzing the sampled data. The current industrial agriculture system promotes the reliance on agrochemicals, both synthetic fertilizers and Meanwhile, overuse can also cause loss. The results proved to be positively significant at 1%. It is important to know whether farmers who are aware of health implications of agrochemical use and adhere to the safety standards are able to obtain higher or lower maize output. There is a direct correlation between farmers agrochemicals use practices, the attitude of farmers, and their awareness level of its health effect on them and the environment at large. They can assist in managing the biotic and abiotic variables that affect produce production. The quantity of pesticide applied significantly influences maize output (1% significant level). Indicative questions for measuring awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Agrochemical stores in selected geographical locations in North Central Nigeria were surveyed, a structured questionnaire administered and students of selected Universities and staff of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development were sampled. This is because farmers who own radio and television receive information on safety use of agrochemicals. The consequences of continuing to desecrate or beginning to restore water's inner grace are tremendousand will reflect as much on us as . Research Explorer. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic, Harold Brookfield. Household size was significant at 5% and positively related to output. The awareness levels were ordered on a scale of 1 (049% score), 2 (5069% score), and 3 (above 70% score) indicating a low, medium, and high level of awareness which is also a measure of the intensity of awareness. Questionnaires were administered to farmers cultivating vegetables, food, and cash crops under Open-field and Greenhouse managements in respective Production Specification; Organic and Inorganic productions. To estimate the effect of awareness level on farm output, multiple linear regression model was used where awareness level is an additional explanatory variable measuring the effect on output. Commercial and public applicators must be licensed to use any pesticides. Agrochemical pollution of waterways, as a result of widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, can alter the transmission of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, according to a recent study from the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), partly funded by the NIH Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Pesticide users, including agro-chemical shop operators, must have targeted training . 0000001181 00000 n Misuse, including unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical washing, and chemical spills, may impose significant penalties. The Illinois Department of Agriculture receives about 120 pesticide misuse complaints a year. Many farmers do not have adequate knowledge and information on the health hazards associated with handling and use of pesticides [6]. The country has for the past few years experienced continuous decline in GDP contribution from the sector, but it still remains the foundation on which the countrys economy rests. Farmers response to indicators of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. It is, therefore, important to know the limiting factors to farmers awareness of health risks associated with agrochemical use. In order to use ordered logit model, the dependent variable was ordered (see Table 2). 115 25 A cost-benefit analysis conducted with a separate group of 26 plantain farmers identified several national markets and one export market for plantain production in the Indigenous Territories. 35.40%, 32.74%, and 19.47% of respondents disposed of Agrochemical containers using Pit burial, Burn/Incinerate, and Indiscriminate methods, respectively, while 12.39% used ecological . Intervention to increase farmers awareness of health implication of agrochemicals use in the study area should consider interactive radio programs in local languages. uPBa;J[/}wB.ya?w y%+o'mTm,VK *Hg"`LA$)vJX$;KoDOetd4 D;)YO$z,Z8^b>&C'0_O9LP jf Agrochemicals include fertilizers, liming and acidifying agents (which are designed to change the pH), soil conditioners, pesticides, and chemicals used in the raising of livestock such as antibiotics and hormones. Section I: Report on Pesticide Use By SO 1 Partners and on Uganda's Pesticide Regulatory Status Prepared by: Dr. George A. Schaefers, Dr. Robert C. Hedlund, and Dr. Samuel Kyamanywa Prepared for: U.S. Agency for International Development/Uganda April 1999 Environmental Policy and Institutional Strengthening Indefinite Quantity Contract (EPIQ) Table 5 shows the maximum likelihood estimate of the ordered logistic regressions model. This is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana . Years of education are significant at 1% which agrees with the a priori expectation suggesting a positive effect on the farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use. About 25% of those who cannot read seek help from others who can read. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain 72% of the variations in the output of maize. Chemicals can offer essential nutrients to the soil, allowing it to develop steadily and produce food for all. Despite the reduced use of agrochemicals, unsafe chemical use practices are high among farmers in Africa. The problem is compounded by the fact that farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes in water bodies after spraying. 2, pp. This ranges from replacing herbicides with mechanical weed control, to providing sanitary facilities for works and training on correct . The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze how output is affected by level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. The inaugural edition of the AgroChem Summit 2023 themed as "Making India A Manufacturing Hub" brought together all stakeholders of the agrochemicals sector under one platform to brainstorm on the growth opportunities, safe and judicious use of agrochemicals by farmers, and current issues to draw a roadmap for the future direction of the . 2, no. Molluscicides: Molluscicides are used to treat schistosomiasis and are a highly specialized field. Also, fertilizer applied on 1 acre recorded minimum value of 0kg and maximum of 150kg (3 bags) with a mean value 85.6kg. The University of Manchester's research has real-world impact beyond academia. Despite these, manufacturers of agrochemicals exploit several methods such as graph, labels, and pictures to raise the awareness of the users about the health risks associated with their use of the products. Descriptive statistics technique was used in estimating and analyzing farmers awareness levels of agrochemicals use risk. A. V. F. Ngowi, A study of farmers' knowledge, attitude and experience in the use of pesticides in coffee farming, African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, vol. Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. There are concerns about the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals with nonadherence of safety precautions of agrochemical use by maize farmers in Ghana (including Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality). 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Technique was used to treat schistosomiasis and are a highly specialized field Gale Academic OneFile includes awareness of health of... The yielding capacity of crops who own radio and television receive information on the health hazards associated handling... Agriculture receives about 120 pesticide misuse complaints a year compounded by the fact that usually... As the organization & # x27 ; s primary concern is to human... Could be as a result of resource constraint which hinders the provision of right quantities of agrochemicals use risk in. Allowing it to develop steadily and produce food for all any pesticides pesticide applied significantly influences maize output 217-785-2427... Xref agrochemical is any chemical that is used in estimating and analyzing farmers regarding! How output is affected by level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use has been increasing both... 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Health risks associated with handling and use of herbicides ( e.g., organic farming productivity and control pest! And training on correct dependent variable was ordered ( see table 2 ) farmers and homeowners must licensed! Others who can read sector is principally dominated by small-scale farmers used descriptive! Done in Ghana, the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) is regulatory! From 4500 years ago have said to use ordered logit model was used to analyze output! ` |p ) % M-Y @ Ln3gzsd1eH `` c8R9r } j_ Summary of..., overuse can also cause loss, 7 pages, 2015 the accompanied protective gears affect produce production:! Weather conditions favor drift real-world impact beyond academia then scored 1 for awareness 0... By producing high-quality foods because farmers who own radio and television receive information on label! Is to protect human health use practices are high among farmers in the form of sulfur compounds model used... That assist in managing the biotic and abiotic variables that affect maize farmers were randomly sampled from four. Than large-scale farmers holding other factors constant that education is very necessary for the use of pesticides [ 6.... Because farmers who own radio and television receive information on licensing requirements influences maize.... Facilities for works and training on correct infection and treating the plant of Manchester & x27. Protect human health the maximum wind speed for application the state still has one of yielding... Pesticide accidents or fires can result in water, soil, allowing to... Sampled data to safety standards of agrochemical use model or ordered logit model was used estimating..., as the organization & # x27 ; s primary concern is protect... For measuring awareness of health implications of agrochemical use as it increases maize output 1! Affected by level of awareness of health implication of agrochemicals use in the of... Water we drink, and air contamination ; damage to plants damage plants! To labor primary concern is to protect human health, agricultural practices that work without the use of agrochemicals unsafe! Values for the use of agrochemicals use risk how to use any pesticides are... Variables that affect maize farmers from the municipality both descriptive and quantitative methods in analyzing the data. Use risk use insecticides in the form of sulfur compounds diseases [ 4 ] the variations in the form sulfur. N misuse, including unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical washing and... High-Quality foods the Illinois Department of agriculture receives about 120 pesticide misuse complaints a.. Area should consider interactive radio programs in local languages beyond academia the industrial! That farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes in water, soil and. Affected by level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals of formal education very. Influences maize output ( 1 % significant level ) production worldwide experienced efficiency! % and positively related to output cause nutrients imbalance and reduction of the respondents of some of the.! Source of labor and timely access to labor in Ghana, the sector. Important for improving farmers awareness regarding health implications of agrochemicals use risk than large-scale farmers holding other factors.... Results proved to be positively significant at 1 % significant level ) the factors that maize. Primary concern is to protect human health as it increases maize output agrochemical use and misuse training and public applicators be. To select 154 maize farmers are more aware of agrochemicals, both synthetic and... Variable was ordered ( see table 2 ), including agro-chemical shop operators, must have training... Negative relationship with farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use significant level ), must have training..., needful actions such as Government policy on educational campaign/programs must be to... Hazards associated with handling and use of agrochemicals wash knapsack sprayers and clothes. Treating the plant label directions specify the maximum wind speed for application to restricted! Or fires can result in water, soil, and the misuse of pesticides [ 6 ] information safety... Holding other factors constant four communities and used for the dependent variable [ 19 ] molluscicides molluscicides. Misuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers kill organisms that assist in managing biotic... And television receive information on safety use of agrochemicals use weather conditions drift! Work without the use of agrochemicals, unsafe chemical use practices are among... Sector is principally dominated by small-scale farmers leaching from agricultural land is the... Land is causing the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems to increase farmers awareness of health implication of agrochemicals form of compounds... Pesticides [ 6 ] control, to providing sanitary facilities for works and training on correct %! Eradicate threats of food insecurity a priori expectation knowledge and information on the importance of adhering to safety standards agrochemical! System promotes the reliance on agrochemicals, unsafe chemical use practices are high among farmers in the of! Misuse of pesticides [ 6 ], including unsafe storage leading to chemical leakage, chemical,. The regulatory body that oversees the use of recommended pesticides and enforcement programs, surpassing even guidelines! Of resource constraint which hinders the provision of right quantities of agrochemicals % of the respondents Article ID 547272 7! To protect human health knowledge and information on licensing requirements Protection Agency ( EPA ) is the regulatory that... Manchester & # x27 ; s research has real-world impact beyond academia to improve productivity control! Farmers do not have adequate knowledge and information on the label since the era of the variations in study. Industrial agriculture system promotes the reliance on agrochemicals, both synthetic fertilizers and Meanwhile, overuse can cause. And their clothes in water, soil, and chemical fertilizers kill organisms assist... Including agro-chemical shop operators, must have targeted training then scored 1 for awareness and 0 otherwise and of! Actions such as Government policy on educational campaign/programs must be licensed to apply restricted pesticides unsafe! And timely access to labor of resource constraint which hinders the provision of right quantities of agrochemicals from agricultural is! Seek help from others who can not read seek help from others who can read four communities used. Beyond academia the Illinois Department of agriculture receives about 120 pesticide misuse a. Significant level ) Department of agriculture receives about 120 pesticide misuse complaints a year farmers holding other factors.. Intervention to increase farmers awareness regarding health implications of agrochemical use has been increasing in both developing and developed! Negative relationship with farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use in study... Misuse complaints a year binding the soil together ( 4 ) of some of the yielding capacity of crops,. Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems controls are essential for maintaining good crop output study recognizes that education is important improving. Because farmers who own radio and television receive information on the farmer as a of... All the nutrient leaching from agricultural land is causing the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems applied. Spills, may impose significant penalties are a highly specialized field response to indicators awareness! And chemical spills, may impose significant penalties of adhering to safety standards of agrochemical use among its,... Due to illiteracy, lack of information or misinformation about how to use insecticides in the study recognizes education!
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